Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Income Taxes

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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The effective tax rate used for interim periods is the estimated annual effective consolidated tax rate, based on the current estimate of full year results, except that taxes related to specific discrete events, if any, are recorded in the interim period in which they occur. The annual effective tax rate is based upon several significant estimates and judgments, including the estimated annual pre-tax income of the Company in each tax jurisdiction in which it operates, and the development of tax planning strategies during the year. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In addition, the Company’s tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty. As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.
The provision for (benefit from) income taxes was $(0.2) million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The benefit from or provision for income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 consisted primarily of foreign and state income taxes.
The effective tax rates were 2.21% and (0.07)% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and (1.38)% and (0.11)% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2022, relative to 2021, was primarily attributable to an increase in foreign taxes and certain nondeductible expense.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions, India and Colombia. The tax returns are subject to statutes of limitations that vary by jurisdiction. At June 30, 2022, the Company remains subject to U.S. and certain state income tax examinations for tax years 2018 through 2021, and in certain other states for tax years 2017 through 2021. However, due to the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards in various jurisdictions, tax authorities have the ability to adjust carryforwards related to closed years.